Congressional lawmakers late Friday approved an extension of the farm bill with $10 billion in economic aid for farmers, part of a spending agreement that narrowly avoided a government shutdown.

The House passed the funding deal — and the farm bill extension — after a raucous week of partisan infighting around outside provisions that included wage hikes for congressional members. President Joe Biden signed the legislation shortly after the Senate approved the deal Friday evening.

The bill, which extends government funding through March 14, faced significant hurdles after President-elect Donald Trump expressed opposition to what was touted as a bipartisan spending deal earlier in the week. Billionaire Elon Musk — and Trump’s pick to oversee a newly created department dedicated to cutting government spending — also disapproved via X, formerly known as Twitter.

The final spending bill ultimately removed pay raises and other provisions that Trump and Musk opposed, additionally striking a proposal to allow for E15 ethanol fuel sales year-round. It still includes over $100 billion for disaster aid requested by President Joe Biden, with $10 billion to be set aside for one-time farm economic payments.

“For many farmers, the disaster relief provided … will be the difference between planting for another year or going out of business,” Zippy Duvall, president of the American Farm Bureau Federation, said in a statement. “The farm bill extension also offers a short reprieve, and gives lawmakers some breathing room to pass a modernized farm bill that will provide risk management support.”

What a farm bill extension means — now and for 2025

This is the second extension of the farm bill, which is renegotiated every five years. The giant spending package oversees farm programs and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, and was last approved in 2018.

The deal for a one-year farm bill extension comes a little more than a week before key farm safety net programs would start to expire and revert back to Depression-era law, which experts warned would radically raise food prices and upend agricultural operations.

Farm groups lobbied hard for lawmakers to negotiate a new farm bill this year to give producers certainty in the face of a declining agricultural economy. Tumbling crop prices and livestock shortages have pressured margins for farmers and agribusinesses alike, with layoffs and other financial cutbacks roiling rural communities.

However, partisan divides over funding for climate and anti-hunger programs have stalled negotiations, and a new Congress next year could mean months before an agreement is finalized. Congress will need to reform agriculture committees, and the makeup of these panels could determine the shape of a new bill.

“The reorganization in the House always takes some time, there’s some delay until the committees are actually appointed,” House Agriculture Chairman Glenn “GT” Thompson said earlier this year, responding to a question about challenges Congress would face if it had to approve a new farm bill in 2025.

Thompson said in a statement on Tuesday that he hopes to pass a farm bill next year that addresses the ongoing decline in farm income.

“I hope to move quickly to enact a five-year farm bill that aligns the farm safety net with the needs of producers, among many other policies, to minimize the need for annual economic aid,” he said.

Beyond a delay in passing the bill, the final text could also look much different than current proposals with Republicans set to control all three legislative branches. Critically, around $20 billion in additional funding for the farm bill from the Inflation Reduction Act could disappear as Trump vows to roll back unspent dollars under Biden’s flagship bill.

Democrats and Republicans had hoped to roll in the additional $20 billion into farm bill baseline funding, which would have ensured the funding would be included in subsequent farm bills. However, the two parties could not agree whether the funds should be dedicated to climate-smart agriculture or be used to support other programs.